Meskel, celebrated annually on September 27 (or 28 during leap years), is one of Ethiopia’s most treasured religious holidays. Rooted in centuries of tradition, the festival commemorates the discovery of the True Cross by Empress Helena, mother of Roman Emperor Constantine, in the 4th century. “Meskel” means “cross” in Ge’ez, and the holiday honors this sacred symbol with vibrant ceremonies, spiritual reflection, and deep community ties.
The celebration begins the night before, on “Demera” Eve. Large bonfires, also called Demera, are lit in city squares and villages across the country. The most famous of these takes place in Meskel Square in Addis Ababa, drawing thousands of people. The bonfire is topped with daisies—called “meskel flowers”—and priests in colorful robes lead processions with chanting, prayers, and the lighting of the fire. According to tradition, the direction in which the fire leans as it burns reveals omens for the coming year.
The next day is filled with church services, feasts, and gatherings with family and neighbors. People wear traditional white garments, and communities prepare and share special holiday dishes. In rural areas, villagers hold smaller but equally meaningful Demera events.
Beyond its religious significance, Meskel is also recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. It reflects Ethiopia’s unique fusion of Orthodox Christian faith, ancient customs, and strong communal values.
Meskel is more than a holiday—it is a time of renewal, unity, and joy. Whether witnessed in the heart of Addis Ababa
or in a remote village, the glowing Demera fire remains a powerful symbol of hope and spiritual connection that continues to bring Ethiopians together across generations.